Angular
Angular Best Practices: Writing Clean and Maintainable Code
Introduction
Angular is a robust framework for creating scalable and maintainable web applications. Nevertheless, having clean and organised code is important to ensure the long-term success of your project. In this blog post, we will cover some best practices to make your Angular code efficient, readable, and maintainable.
1. Adhere to a Modular Structure
Structuring your Angular app into feature modules enhances scalability and separation of concerns. Employ lazy loading for big apps to improve performance.
Example:
@NgModule({declarations: [ProductComponent],imports: [CommonModule, ProductRoutingModule],})export class ProductModule {}2. Follow Consistent Naming Conventions
Use a consistent naming convention for components, services, and files:
Components: product-list.component.ts
Services: product.service.ts
Modules: product.module.ts
Interfaces: IProduct.ts
3. Employ Smart and Dumb Components
Split container (smart) components from presentation (dumb) components:
Smart components manage logic, services, and state.
Dumb components are concerned with UI and take inputs.
Example:
@Component({selector: 'app-product-list',templateUrl: './product-list.component.html',})export class ProductListComponent {@Input() products: Product[] = [];}4. Use Angular Services for Business Logic
Shift business logic and API calls to services rather than putting them in components.
Example:
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })export class ProductService {constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}getProducts(): Observable<Product[]> {return this.http.get<Product[]>('api/products');}}5. Optimize Change Detection
Use OnPush Change Detection to enhance performance by minimising unnecessary re-renders.
Example:
@Component({selector: 'app-product',changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,templateUrl: './product.component.html',})export class ProductComponent {@Input() product: Product;}6. Use Reactive Forms for Improved Control
Use Reactive Forms over Template-Driven Forms for improved validation and scalability.
Example:
this.productForm = this.fb.group({name: ['', Validators.required],price: [0, Validators.min(1)],});7. Use Angular Pipes for Data Transformation
Prevent logic in templates by using pipes to transform data in an efficient manner.
Example:
<p>{{ product.price | currency }}</p>8. Use Route Guards for Security
Utilize Route Guards to deny access to particular routes.
Example:
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {constructor(private authService: AuthService, private router: Router) {}canActivate(): boolean {if (this.authService.isLoggedIn()) return true;this.router.navigate(['/login']);return false;}}9. Prevent Memory Leaks by Unsubscribing from Observables
Employ takeUntil with Subject to auto-unsubscribe from Observables.
Example:
private destroy$ = new Subject<void>();ngOnInit() {this.productService.getProducts().pipe(takeUntil(this.destroy$)).subscribe(products => this.products = products);}ngOnDestroy() {this.destroy$.next();this.destroy$.complete();}10. Apply Linting and Formatting Tools
Employ ESLint and Prettier to enforce a consistent coding style.
npm install eslint prettier --save-devConclusion
By following these best practices, your Angular applications will be scalable, maintainable, and high-performing. By organizing code correctly, employing services, optimizing change detection, and adhering to modular principles, you can create strong and efficient applications.
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