Introduction of clean architecture

Clean Architecture in Android is a way to organize code into three main layers: Three MAIN headings identified for the knowledge management elements are Presentation, Domain, and Data. The Presentation layer system works with messaging including display, while the Domain layer contains business logic, and the Data layer sources embrace APIs and databases. Each layer has its own responsibility and come in direct contact with only the layer just above or below hence making it least dependent. This results in the code is easy to maintain and test. Since the implementation of the Domain layer does not contain any component that is tied with any specific platform, the core business is made portable across the existing platforms. It is more effective in this respect because the approach used in creating and developing the app makes it relatively easier to manage in the future.

1. Entities: At the core, entities represent the business models and encapsulate critical business rules. These are largely unaffected by changes in other layers, allowing them to remain consistent across different contexts. 

2. Use Cases (or Interactors): This layer is responsible for the major operations of the app by controlling actions between entities. It prescribes a set of rules by which data have to pass through and ensures that the application functions properly. The use cases are not bound with the graphical user interface or beyond the framework.

3. Interface Adapters: This layer resembles an interpreter in a process that translates data between the above core logic layer and the lower layer containing the user interface. It has data mappers, controllers to transform data for display while maintaining business rules for those sets of data.

4. Frameworks and Drivers: This remains the file outside of it and includes things such as the database, UI frameworks and other external APIs. These tools and libraries can be replaced or changed without having an impact on other elements of the layers inside a system.

By organizing code this way, Clean Architecture ensures that core business logic remains isolated from technological concerns, fostering a system that's both robust and adaptable to change.

Clear Separation of Responsibilities: Each layer has a specific purpose, which helps isolate business logic from user interface and infrastructure code. This keeps code organized and makes it easier to modify parts without unintentionally impacting others.

1. Enhanced Testability: Because business rules and application logic are separated from external dependencies like UI frameworks or databases, these core elements can be tested independently, ensuring more reliable testing and less reliance on complicated setups.

2. Easier Adaptation to Change: With Clean Architecture, it’s simpler to update or swap out frameworks, databases, or other technologies without touching the core business logic. This flexibility makes it easier to adapt to new technologies or changing requirements over time.

3. Framework and UI Independence: Clean Architecture promotes technology-agnostic design, meaning core functionality doesn’t depend on specific frameworks or interfaces. This allows developers to adopt new tools or platforms as needed without restructuring the entire codebase.

4. Sustainable Codebase: The modular structure of Clean Architecture helps manage complexity and reduces technical debt. This results in code that’s more straightforward for future developers to understand, extend and maintain.

• ViewModel: TaskViewModel manages UI state, interacting with the Domain layer to get tasks or mark them as complete.

• Activity/Fragment: TaskFragment observes data from TaskViewModel and displays it to the user.

• Use Case: GetTasksUseCase retrieves a list of tasks, CompleteTaskUseCase marks a task as complete. These are core actions independent of Android or UI details.

• Repository Interface: TaskRepository defines methods for data operations.

• Repository Implementation: TaskRepositoryImpl retrieves data from a local database or remote API.

• Data Source: Could be a TaskLocalDataSource for database operations and TaskRemoteDataSource for API calls.

It gives the following characteristics to the code

• Testability: Each use case and repository can be tested in isolation.

• Scalability: You can easily add new features or modify existing ones without disrupting the entire codebase.

• Maintainability: Clear separation of concerns allows for cleaner more maintainable code.

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